Harvard University said on Monday that it had rejected policy changes requested by the Trump administration that would have placed “unprecedented” demands on the institution, setting up a showdown between the administration and the nation’s wealthiest university.

A letter to Harvard from the Trump administration on Friday demanded that the university reduce the power of students and faculty members over the university’s affairs; report foreign students who commit conduct violations immediately to federal authorities; and bring in an outside party to ensure that each academic department is “viewpoint diverse,” among other steps.

“No government — regardless of which party is in power — should dictate what private universities can teach, whom they can admit and hire, and which areas of study and inquiry they can pursue,” said Alan Garber, Harvard’s president, in a statement to the university on Monday.

Lawyers for Harvard said in response to the administration’s letter that the university “is not prepared to agree to demands that go beyond the lawful authority of this or any administration.”

The Trump administration said in March that it was examining about $256 million in federal contracts for Harvard, and an additional $8.7 billion in what it described as “multiyear grant commitments.” The announcement went on to suggest that Harvard had not done enough to curb antisemitism on campus. It was vague about what the university could do to satisfy the Trump administration.

This is a developing story. Please check back for updates.

Emboldened by President Trump, Prime Minister Viktor Orban of Hungary on Monday escalated his culture war against what he calls “gender madness,” after his governing party voted to amend the Constitution to mandate that all Hungarians are either male or female.

The amendment proposed by the government was endorsed by Parliament, where the prime minister’s Fidesz party has a large majority. It was the latest in a series of moves by Mr. Orban to rev up his conservative base and distract attention from economic problems and a surging opposition movement ahead of elections next year.

“The international gender network must take its hands off our children,” Mr. Orban said on Monday. “Now, with the change in America, the winds have shifted in our favor,” he added, referring to the re-election of Donald J. Trump as president.

The amendment on gender included a clause that enshrined the protection of children’s “physical, mental and moral development,” reinforcing a law passed last month that banned gay pride events as a danger to the welfare of the very young.

The legislature also changed the Constitution to allow the government to strip dual nationals of their Hungarian citizenship if they are deemed dangerous to the nation. Some of Mr. Orban’s most vocal critics are Hungarians who fled abroad and took a second citizenship in another country.

The changes were part of what Mr. Orban said last month would be a “spring cleaning” to cleanse Hungarian politics of “stink bugs.”

The amendments mark the 15th time that Hungary has revised its Constitution since Mr. Orban became prime minister in 2010 and set about transforming his country into a self-declared “illiberal democracy.”

Liberal critics have denounced the changes as a retreat from democracy and an assault on the core values of the European Union, of which Hungary has been a member since 2004. Mr. Orban’s supporters, who include Mr. Trump and many prominent U.S. Republicans, however, see Hungary as a model of successful conservative politics in action.

Mr. Orban has won four general elections in a row, ramping up culture war issues ahead of each ballot. A year before the last election, in 2022, his party pushed legislation through Parliament that outlawed the “popularizing” of homosexuality, as well as content that promoted a gender that diverged from the one assigned at birth. Fidesz won a landslide after demonizing its opponents as “woke globalists” and “warmongers” intent on sending Hungarian youth to fight Russia in Ukraine.

The party’s credentials as a protector of children, however, were dented badly early last year, after it became known that the justice minister, Judit Varga, a leading Fidesz politician, had lobbied to pardon a man convicted of covering up pedophilia in a state-run children’s home. The minister and two other prominent Fidesz figures, including Hungary’s president, Katalin Novak, resigned amid a public uproar over the pardon.

All three had been at the forefront of Mr. Orban’s efforts to present Hungary as a bastion of family values, committed to fending off what Fidesz reviles as attacks on Christianity and Hungarian sovereignty through imported L.G.B.T.Q. “propaganda.”

The pedophilia scandal also gave birth to what has since become the biggest political challenge to Mr. Orban in many years — an opposition movement led by Peter Magyar, a conservative former Fidesz loyalist and ex-husband of Ms. Varga. Mr. Magyar, who had held Fidesz-controlled diplomatic posts and senior positions in state agencies, broke with Mr. Orban over the pedophilia pardon scandal and traveled the country mobilizing opposition to the previously unassailable governing party.

Some opinion polls indicated that his upstart political party, Tisza, could defeat Fidesz in next year’s election. Mr. Magyar’s rise has been fueled in large part by widespread public anger at endemic corruption, Hungary’s soaring inflation rate — the highest in the European Union — and other economic ills.

Unlike several more established opposition leaders, who have organized street protests in recent weeks against the ban on Pride events, Mr. Magyar has stayed clear of the issue, frustrating Fidesz’s effort to portray him as an enemy of Hungarian values. But his stand has also angered Hungarian leftists, who accuse him of putting political calculation ahead of principles.

A former Colorado sheriff’s deputy was sentenced to three years in prison on Monday in the fatal shooting of a 22-year-old man who called 911 for help as he was experiencing a mental health crisis on a dark mountain road in 2022.

In February, a jury found the former deputy, Andrew Buen, guilty of criminally negligent homicide after declining to convict him on the more serious charge of second-degree murder in the killing of Andrew Glass.

The case drew scrutiny of how the authorities handle crisis intervention, prompted changes to how officers are trained to handle similar situations and resulted in a $19 million settlement for Mr. Glass’s parents.

Before the sentence was handed down, Mr. Buen, a former Clear Creek County sheriff’s deputy, addressed the judge and members of Mr. Glass’s family.

“I wish I could take it all back, and it’s something I think about over and over,” he said through tears. “It’s my mistake that I took the life of Christian and I didn’t recognize that at the time, and it’s something I will always have to live with.”

“Part of the reason I wanted to get into law enforcement,” he added, “was to change the negative view of law enforcement. But my actions did the opposite. I will never forget that I let so many people down.”

Last year, Mr. Buen was found guilty of reckless endangerment in connection with the shooting, but the jury could not reach a verdict on a second-degree murder charge, which carries a maximum penalty of 48 years in prison. That set up a second trial, which lasted two weeks in February.

Judge Catherine J. Cheroutes of Colorado’s Fifth Judicial District Court sentenced Mr. Buen to serve 120 days for the reckless endangerment charge concurrently with his three-year sentence for criminally negligent homicide.

“I think this was about power. It wasn’t a mistake,” Judge Cheroutes said before sentencing Mr. Buen. “It was about ‘You need to listen to me, because I’m in charge.’”

In imposing the maximum three-year sentence on the criminally negligent homicide charge, the judge said: “Mr. Buen doesn’t need rehabilitation. He’s not going to be a law enforcement officer again. He’s not going to have a gun again.”

Mr. Glass called 911 on the night of June 10, 2022, when his Honda Pilot became stuck on an embankment near Silver Plume, Colo., a former silver mining camp about 45 miles west of Denver.

He had become stuck while attempting a three-point turn and had panicked, his father told The New York Times after Mr. Buen was convicted in February. Mr. Glass told a dispatcher that his S.U.V. was stuck in a “trap,” that he was coming out of a depression, that he feared “skinwalkers” and that he needed help.

Officers from five law enforcement agencies responded.

Over the course of a little over an hour, they negotiated with Mr. Glass to get out of his vehicle and drop the knife he had in his possession. At one point, according to body camera footage of the episode, he turned to the closed window, cupping his hands in a heart-shaped gesture at the officers.

At other times, he kept his hands on the steering wheel but did not open the door or window, unlock the vehicle or get out, as the officers had requested. When he did not follow those orders, officers used a stun gun and fired beanbag rounds at him, according to the body camera footage.

Prosecutors said that Mr. Buen broke the front passenger-side window with a baton. Mr. Glass then swung an arm at the broken window, and Mr. Buen shot Mr. Glass five times. Mr. Glass was pronounced dead at the scene.

Lawyers for Mr. Glass’s family have said that the officers needlessly escalated the situation and used unnecessarily aggressive tactics during the encounter.

Mr. Buen returned to work with the Clear Creek County Sheriff’s Office after the shooting but was fired in November 2022 after an indictment against him was made public.

Just before sentencing Mr. Buen, Judge Cheroutes noted that when someone kills a police officer, the sentence is typically “extreme and uncompromising.”

“It’s really kind of amazing to me how Mr. Buen, as soon as you put a uniform on him and give him a gun, it changes everything,” she said.

Victor Mather, Rebecca Halleck and William Lamb contributed reporting.

Mehul Choksi, a wealthy diamond dealer whom India has sought in connection with a fraud case involving one of India’s largest state-run banks, has been arrested in Belgium, his lawyer said on Monday.

Mr. Choksi, 65, is wanted on charges relating to an attempt to defraud the publicly owned Punjab National Bank of nearly $1.8 billion in a case that caused a national scandal when it became public in 2018.

Mr. Choksi left India shortly before the authorities there went public with the accusations against him that year. He has been living in the Caribbean and in Belgium since then, according to the Indian news media.

Police officers in the Belgian city of Antwerp, a center of the global diamond trade, arrested Mr. Choksi on Saturday, according to the Belgian public prosecutor’s office, which said it had requested the arrest.

The Belgian authorities did not immediately provide details of the circumstances that led to Mr. Choksi’s arrest, but his lawyer, Vijay Aggarwal, said in an interview that India’s Central Bureau of Investigation, the main government investigative agency, had asked for Mr. Choksi’s extradition.

Mr. Aggarwal said that he would seek his client’s immediate release, arguing that he was in ill health and undergoing treatment for cancer.

“He is not a flight risk,” Mr. Aggarwal told a news conference in Delhi. “His medical condition is very precarious.”

Mr. Aggarwal has denied accusations of wrongdoing in the case. Since leaving India, he has also spent time in Dominica and Antigua, two countries in the Caribbean, according to the Indian news media.

Mr. Choksi’s nephew Nirav Modi, once one of India’s most prominent high-end jewelers, was arrested in London in 2019 in connection with the bank fraud. Mr. Modi, who has also denied wrongdoing, had fled India weeks before officials there accused him, Mr. Choksi and others in the fraud case. Mr. Modi has fought Indian efforts to have him extradited, and remains jailed in Britain.

The case against Mr. Choksi and Mr. Modi reinforced a perception in India that taxpayer-owned banks were financing the lavish lifestyles of a rising elite. Attempts to bring the two to justice have captivated the Indian public.

Jeanna Smialek contributed reporting from Brussels and Mike Ives from Seoul, South Korea.